Seizing the best export assets (oil, minerals, etc.) and routing the profits through family/inner-circle companies.
Running dual currency rates so the elite buys hard currency cheap while everyone else pays the official rate.
Inflating state contracts and infrastructure deals, with the difference kicked back offshore.
Capturing banks, customs, and import licenses to create artificial monopolies and rents.
Diverting aid, loans, and sovereign funds into personal vehicles.